Chapter 5: Co-ordinate Geometry

Co-ordinate Geometry introduces the Cartesian plane — locating a point with an ordered pair of x and y coordinates — along with the four quadrants and the sign conventions that determine which one a point falls in. A point like (−3, 2) sits in the second quadrant, where x is negative and y is positive.

A short chapter, but an essential one: it sets up the plane that Class 10's Coordinate Geometry builds on directly with the distance formula, section formula and area-of-triangle formula. Plotting the coordinates in the wrong order, or misreading a sign and landing in the wrong quadrant, is the most common error worth catching early.